Summary
The Nobel Laureates are selcted by different entities as specifically designated by [Alfred Bernhard Nobel] in his testament: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry, Karolinska Institute for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the Swedish Academy for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and a Committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Parliament (Stortinget) for the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economics in Memory of Alfred Nobeland a year later the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was given the task to select the Economics Prize Laureates starting in 1969.
In the words of a fine man, a great orator and one of America's brightest sons, "I think Alfred Nobel would know what I mean when I say that I accept this award in the spirit of a curator of some precious heirloom which he holds in trust for its true owners - all those to whom beauty is truth, and truth is beauty - and in whose eyes the beauty of genuine brotherhood and peace is more precious than diamonds, or silver, or gold.' (From the Nobel Prize acceptance speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King, December 10, 1964).Born in Stockholm in 1833, Alfred Nobel was one of four sons born to Immanuel and Caroline Nobel. Alfred showed a keen interest in engineering early on, and learned the basics from his father. In 1837, his father left Stockholm after several business failures for St. Petersburg, where he built a successful company that manufactured explosives and machine tools. In 1842, Immanuel brought Alfred and the rest of the family to join him in Russia. Such was Immanuels new wealth that he was able to have his sons educated by private tutors.See the full content of this document
Extract
Nobel by Name, Noble by Nature
Dr. Ryoji Noyori shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001 with William S. Knowles, Monsanto Company, PhD of Columbia University "for their work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions" (a process used in, for instance, the production of drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.)
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