Given the sharp rise in crude oil prices and growing awareness of climate change, the potential of biofuels, particularly of bioethanol, has become an ubiquitous topic of public debate and has induced ambitious policy initiatives. The latter are mostly paired with protectionist measures as the examples of the European Union and the United States show, where domestic producers of energy crops are put at an advantage thanks to subsidisation, direct payments and/or favourable tax schemes. Moreover, the EU is working out a mandatory certification scheme for ethanol imports, imposing social and environmental standards which constitute another hurdle for more efficiently produced ethanol originating in the Southern hemisphere. A similar path is taken by Switzerland's revised mineral oil tax l...
...Very few studies consider international trade in biofuels and the majority does not even touch t... are made under the assumption that the expansion of land use does not lead to de-forestation or the...
..., such as now, a tension of interest to trade policymakers arises, namely, that between a govern... foreign firms can seek to supply - the expansion in the so-called public procurement market - is th...
Russia's accession to the WTO next year will set the stage for a more active dialogue with the EU on deeper integration and trade liberalisation. In this respect the formation of a FTA with the EU is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for engaging Russia into an active dialogue on a broad range of political and economic issues. Other modalities of trade liberalisation, including regional cooperation and greater openness to investment would also need to be addressed. The delays in drawing up a new comprehensive framework of EU-Russia cooperation come at a time when the need for a renewed framework is greater than ever, which calls for the speedy launching of talks on the creation of a new comprehensive PCA in the near future.
...Other areas include the expansion in the coverage of the WTO framework to include is...
...EFTA European Free Trade Association . Europäische Freihandelsassoziation ... sich nicht zuletzt in einer anhaltenden Expansion der privaten Konsumausgaben widerspiegelte. Dabei ...
... with the rest of the world; it has an open trade regime for industrial products, and tariffs on man... supermarket chain Carrefour found its expansion plans hampered by market restrictions and a failur...
This paper looks upon the developments of Free Trade Agreements in relation to security aspects in the Middle East, with a special concern of the Jordanian situation. The author analyses the trade relations between Jordan and the EU as well as the US and compares these relations to the ones of other countries in the region with the two major western trading blocs. After a description of the historical development of these relations, the author provides a picture of the current situation and brings forward an outlook of the possible developments including problems that might occur.
... exports registered an outstanding expansion of 13% compared the same period of 2005, largely d...
... ligne de «l'échange et l'assistance» («trade and aid»), le seco entend faire son possible, c'e...Dans le sillage de la forte expansion de l'économie mondiale, la croissance des exporta...
This short policy paper looks at the implications of asset price bubbles for the Swiss economy over the two last decades, and attempts at inferring policy recommendations. We argue that such bubbles are generally damaging for the overall economy. Further, concentrating our attention on bubbles that are identified, we ask what kind of policy central banks should adopt in two given situations. We argue that in the case of housing price bubbles, emergency measures specifically directed at the housing market might be superior to conventional monetary policy; and that when faced with an emerging stock market bubble, an autonomous central bank of a small open economy should focus on the aftermath of the bust, taking advantage of its ability to conduct a policy tailored to the domestic needs.
... that intended to counter the monetary expansion following from the October 1987 stock market crash... rents, a policy debate about possible trade restrictions on the housing market emerged in 1988...
... in terms of Gross National Product and trade. . "They are less polluting than traditional indus... also a positive environment for their expansion. . Martin Bogli says that these companies need to ...
... mondiale del commercio (World Trade Organisation) . OMS/WHO Organizzazione mondiale de... e il Bhutan concernente il progetto «Expansion of National Institute of Education, Paro/Samtse. ...
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