In an integrated global economy, specialisation in trade is an increasingly prominent strategy. A labor-abundant, resource-rich economy like Indonesia faces stiff competition in labor-intensive manufactures; meanwhile, rapid growth in demand for resources from China and India exposes it to the 'curse' of resource wealth. This diminishes prospects for more diversified growth based on renewable resources like human capital. Using an international panel data set we explore the influence of resource wealth, foreign direct investment and human capital on the share of skill-intensive products in exports. FDI and human capital increase this share; resource wealth diminishes it. We use the results to compare Indonesia with Thailand and Malaysia. Indonesia's reliance on skill-intensive export...
... is costly, it is efficient to develop production processes that are vertically integrated within th...
The traditional notion among trade economists is that governments perceive imports to be detrimental and accept them only in exchange for foreign market access. In contrast, the results of a survey of the national missions at the WTO presented in this article indicate that governments see substantial benefits in domestic trade liberalization. For most governments, these benefits approximately balance the associated costs. Countries appear to complain about being forced to open markets for political rather than economic reasons.
... and from the international specialisation of production, and it may improve its terms of tra...
... avec brevet fédéral spécialisation distribution resp. logisticien avec brevet fédér... avec brevet fédéral spécialisation production, conformément à l'art. 28, al. 2, de la loi féd...
The study tries to answer the following questions: Will exposure to world agricultural prices generate more poverty or less? To what extent will households be affected by changes in agricultural trade polices? Do multilateral agricultural liberalization matter more than bilateral changes? Results of simulations using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model linked to household survey data suggest that trade liberalization has only modest effects on the level of GDP, but it has a substantial effect in reducing poverty. Moreover, the combined effects of global and domestic liberalization are more pro-poor than the effect of domestic liberalization alone. [PUB ABSTRACT]
...Poor rural households engaged in production activities typically have access to land, but thei... is characterised by a relative specialisation in fruit, horticultural, and livestock production,...
... était salarié et responsable de la production depuis mai 1979. Le 9 février 2004, il a présent... en raison du haut degré de spécialisation du docteur E.________, de la complexité du cas et...
...They limit the production, the sale or the purchase of goods or services (fo...Specialisation and rationalisation agreements. . Agreements for t...
Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France, managed to erase "free and undistorted competition" from the proposed new EU Treaty as a main aim of the European Union. Afterwards, he asked rhetorically what competition has done for Europe. This article is an attempt to reply to that very important question. The view of competition and its effects among decision-makers is likely to affect numerous policy outcomes. Throughout history, there has been a struggle between freedom and control in Europe. Competition is the result of economic freedom and the absence of interventions in the economy by the state. And it has done very much indeed for Europe. It may be the single most important reason why the average income in Western Europe is 14 times higher today than in 1820. If anything, Europe needs mo...
.... . hindered production instead of developing it. .. (I)nto their place st... entrepreneurs, there will be specialisation - the entrepreneur will specialise in producing wh...
... que les fabricants suisses dont la production est destinée uniquement au marché national ne so... plus vastes permettent une spécialisation accrue et la production en plus grandes séries, d...
... de personnes en formation dans la spécialisation produits de boulangerie: a. les personnes en form.... Art. 7 Domaine des installations de production et d'emballage Les dispositions suivantes s'appliq...
... de main-d'oeuvre standard (UMOS), production biologique et animale. - Du point de vue des mon... une tendance inverse à cette spécialisation en instituant des incitations de manière à encou...
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