The European Community represents one of the primary destinations for Indian goods, accounting for one fifth of Indian exports. Indian goods have been at the receiving end of a significant majority of anti subsidy investigations initiated by the European Commission. Such goods have been alleged to be benefiting from subsidies inconsistent with Council Regulation 2026/97 which forms the legal basis for anti subsidy investigations initiated by the Commission. The paper puts forth an analysis of India's export incentive schemes including old schemes already subjected to challenge as well as new schemes vulnerable to challenge in future investigations with regard to the Council Regulation 2026/97 and the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.
... contribution7 including by way of revenue foregone8 accompanied by the conferral of a benefi... subsidy in question is captured by the definition of an export subsidy as defined in the regulation"...
...In principle, this definition is compatible with both producer- and local-curren... is based on the share of exports in firm revenue and provided by KOF as a three-way categorical var...
...Selon la définition la plus couramment utilisée et la plus largement ... titre que la cour cantonale n'est pas revenue sur cette question dans l'arrêt attaqué. 7. Les ...
Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France, managed to erase "free and undistorted competition" from the proposed new EU Treaty as a main aim of the European Union. Afterwards, he asked rhetorically what competition has done for Europe. This article is an attempt to reply to that very important question. The view of competition and its effects among decision-makers is likely to affect numerous policy outcomes. Throughout history, there has been a struggle between freedom and control in Europe. Competition is the result of economic freedom and the absence of interventions in the economy by the state. And it has done very much indeed for Europe. It may be the single most important reason why the average income in Western Europe is 14 times higher today than in 1820. If anything, Europe needs mo...
... necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can. He generally, i...By definition, with a centralised production, there is no compet...
...So by definition, Swisscom was found to have a dominant position in... operator in terms of both subscribers and revenue. Termination charges are justified in part by refe...
... prises de position sont pourtant revenues sur cette problématique en sollicitant une norme ...Selon cette définition, on considère comme «grande» l'entreprise qui d...
....61; ci-après: la Convention), l'Internal Revenue Service (IRS) a adressé, le 3 mars 2004, une dema... d'impôt et fraude fiscale, la définition retenue par le ch. 10 du protocole annexé à la C...
...The generally accepted definition of an international school is a non-profit making,... with purchasing power and, of course, tax revenue. . "It is an uphill battle to make it very clear t...
The coffee market is over-supplied. With the price of coffee at its lowest in a century, there will be winners and losers in the fierce competition for exports. Getting producers to "add value" to coffee and earn more revenue is a commonly proposed solution. However, this proposal is complex and, for many producers, unrealistic. The collapse of world coffee prices is causing many exporting countries to suffer their worst economic crisis in years. How did this happen to one of the world's largest commodities? The over-supply of coffee is due to several factors: rapid expansion of production in Viet Nam; new plantations in Brazil; higher yields; increased efficiency; and incentives to expand production, such as the liberalization of markets in the 1990s, which led to an increase in coffee...
...There is no universally accepted definition of specialties, which make up about 10% of total p...
This article describes general budget support as an instrument of development cooperation. Based on poverty reduction strategies, poorer developing countries are increasingly receiving general budget support which enables their governments to carry out their core responsibilities more effectively. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks are discussed in a holistic approach. In view of aid effectiveness and efficiency, the author draws on an evaluation which was carried out in the context of the DAC/OECD in 2006, as well as on experience made in Switzerland's budget support engagement. He argues that the budget support methodology could also inspire the cooperation with non-governmental organisations.
... top priority to the mobilisation of tax revenue in the partner countries. The tax base needs to be... it can be assumed that the imprecise definition of programme aid is a motivation for the adoption ...
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