This paper analyses Swiss import policy for patent-protected goods (national exhaustion) - which in comparison with other (European) countries is restrictive - from the perspective of international trade theory. Even though trade theory provides arguments against the elimination of trade barriers in multiply-regulated markets (theory of the second best), these seem to apply, if at all, to price-regulated goods in the specific case analysed in this paper. There is a danger that liberalising imports may lead to a fall in the world market price due to external price referencing; this could negatively affect Swiss welfare given the extremely high ratio of exports to domestic output in the Swiss pharmaceutical industry. For patented goods that are not subject to price regulation, abolishing ...
...The analysis argues that some factors like the introduction of ...non-tradable goods price ratio. Two questions should be addressed in the empirica...
...Thus, in our econometric analysis, we define PTM firms to be those that satisfy two ... dummies (p-value)' refers to a likelihood ratio test of the null hypothesis that there are no sect...
... in the european union: an empirical Analysis » par un nouveau jury en faisant abstraction du g...10 aRE) constitue l'ultima ratio et qu'avant cette mesure, l'étudiant a la possibi...
... deciding whether or not the signal-to-noise ratio at transmission would be above the minimum require... is a mathematical arena Cerned with the analysis of straregies for dealing with competitive situati...
...Lors du calcul des ratios toxicité/exposition, les services d'évaluation p...4-2003, including «Annex on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) System and Guidelin...
There is nearly unanimous consent among WTO practitioners and scholars that the remedy of tariff compensation is legally superior, economically more efficient and socially more beneficial than retaliatory suspension of tariff concessions (tariff retaliation). This article argues in favour of a revitalization of tariff compensation. However, under the current regime compensation is a thoroughly unattractive policy instrument for decision makers having to temporarily opt out of a WTO Agreement in reaction to domestic shocks. Hence, tariff compensation is vastly underused. We examine reasons for the relative unattractiveness of this policy instrument and propose a substantial reform agenda of the WTO agreements and the dispute settlement system, so as to make compensation a policy tool of ...
...-researched route and conduct a positive analysis of WTO dispute settlement as it stands today, in o... conceptual advantages: It is the ultima ratio in WTO enforcement since it is self-executable by ...
In recent policy debates in Europe, the question 'what has competition done for Europe?' has been posed at the highest levels. This question merits careful reflection. Competition as it is understood by mainstream economic and legal scholars refers not to an ideology but to inter-firm rivalry in markets. Such rivalry ensures that consumers enjoy choice, low prices, and good value for money. The authors consider the historical origins and development as well as the current role and effects of competition policy in Europe. The latter includes legal provisions that address anti-competitive practices by firms and activities aimed at promoting competition in respect of potentially anti-competitive government measures. They conclude that such policy has made essential contributions to the hig...
...In the spirit of Popper (2002), our analysis also recognises that some of the results achieved ... as the Own Funds Directive, the Solvency Ratio Directive, the Large Exposure Directive, and the D...
This paper investigates the relationship between exports and overseas links using data from the UK Community Innovation Survey. Overseas vertical and horizontal links are associated with an average increase in export intensity of 74 and 156 percent for vertical and horizontal overseas links respectively. Firm size shows no significant interactions with overseas links. The data suggests that overseas links are a relatively infrequent form of conducting trade. My findings support the role of government in fostering overseas links as, despite their rarity they are effective export conduits. [PUB ABSTRACT]
...The analysis section follows this and Section 5 concludes. 2 Ba... some developing countries, have been rationalised in terms of a fixed cost of exporting which less e...
... of this situation, although a deeper analysis would be required. The Global Hawk was initially d... the drone to have a very high power/weight ratio. . The Carbure III is also required to recover to ...
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