Based in Copenhagen, Louise Campbell is a designer who moves in many different directions at once as she designs furniture, lighting and tableware. Campbell describes her work as "furniture for all occasions, from dignity to indecency," producing superlative sweeps like the 'Sushi' chair and the intricate, laser-cut 'Between Two Chairs' pair that she designed for Denmark's crown prince. Campbell's three-year consultancy with Louis Poulsen Lighting culminated in her Louis Poulsen Project - a collection of fourteen lamps developed to showcase new approaches to lighting design. As a result, her 'Campbell' pendant lamp was introduced in 2004, with a second lamp released the following year.
The European Community represents one of the primary destinations for Indian goods, accounting for one fifth of Indian exports. Indian goods have been at the receiving end of a significant majority of anti subsidy investigations initiated by the European Commission. Such goods have been alleged to be benefiting from subsidies inconsistent with Council Regulation 2026/97 which forms the legal basis for anti subsidy investigations initiated by the Commission. The paper puts forth an analysis of India's export incentive schemes including old schemes already subjected to challenge as well as new schemes vulnerable to challenge in future investigations with regard to the Council Regulation 2026/97 and the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.
India, Brazil and South Africa belong to the most intractable blocking actors in the Doha Round. In order to explain this posture, reference is frequently made to the lack of willingness to compromise on the part of the other central actors EU and USA. In addition, the three countries' interests in the construction of an alliance of the South are cited as motivation for blocking the negotiations. This paper, however, accepts that trade policy is a two-level game and shows that the configurations of national decision processes in India, Brazil and South Africa and the resulting influence of specific interest groups significantly contribute to consolidating the blockade position. Against this backdrop, the authors are sceptical about the prospects of a compromise solution to the Doha Round.
Given the sharp rise in crude oil prices and growing awareness of climate change, the potential of biofuels, particularly of bioethanol, has become an ubiquitous topic of public debate and has induced ambitious policy initiatives. The latter are mostly paired with protectionist measures as the examples of the European Union and the United States show, where domestic producers of energy crops are put at an advantage thanks to subsidisation, direct payments and/or favourable tax schemes. Moreover, the EU is working out a mandatory certification scheme for ethanol imports, imposing social and environmental standards which constitute another hurdle for more efficiently produced ethanol originating in the Southern hemisphere. A similar path is taken by Switzerland's revised mineral oil tax l...
... to a situation where government strategy papers formulate very ambitious goals of substitution, bu...
This paper analyses a partial equilibrium outsourcing model with Cournot competition in intermediate good production. Final production is located in Western Europe, whereas the intermediate good can be manufactured by a Western (outsourcing) or Eastern European supplier (offshore outsourcing). The paper asks the question how changes in production costs, in particular wages, affect labor input in the two regions in the presence of Cournot competition. The main results are: higher production costs in one region reduce intermediate good production in both regions leading to a substitution effect between high- and low-skilled labor intensive inputs rather than between Eastern and Western low-skilled labor intensive inputs. The sensitivity of outsourcing activities to production cost changes...
This paper analyses Swiss import policy for patent-protected goods (national exhaustion) - which in comparison with other (European) countries is restrictive - from the perspective of international trade theory. Even though trade theory provides arguments against the elimination of trade barriers in multiply-regulated markets (theory of the second best), these seem to apply, if at all, to price-regulated goods in the specific case analysed in this paper. There is a danger that liberalising imports may lead to a fall in the world market price due to external price referencing; this could negatively affect Swiss welfare given the extremely high ratio of exports to domestic output in the Swiss pharmaceutical industry. For patented goods that are not subject to price regulation, abolishing ...
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