Targeting aid at trade capacities in developing countries is a sensible way of boosting export potential. For beneficiary countries to fully gain from Aid for Trade, it must target their ability to produce goods not just for export but also for domestic consumption. This is a point consistently emphasized by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). By developing their productive capacities, countries can more effectively take advantage of the other elements of the Aid for Trade initiative, which may help them facilitate inputs to domestic industry and diversify their export markets. UNCTAD has also constantly highlighted the role of regional cooperation to develop markets and as a building block to international competitiveness.
...It takes just half that time in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Go-operration for Development (OECD). Targeting aid at trade capacities in developing ...
... 2 Source: revenue statistics of OECD Member countries 1965-2000, OECD Paris 2001. 3 S...
This paper investigates the impact of international outsourcing on total employment using two-digit manufacturing data for seven EU countries for the period of 1995-2000. Estimates using OLS first differences show that imported materials from the same industry originating from low-wage countries have a significant and negative impact on total employment. The estimates suggest that rising intermediate imports from low-wage countries may account for an approximate reduction of 0.25 percentage points in employment per year. Sample split regressions show that the impact of imported materials from low-wage countries is statistically significant in industries with low skill intensity but not in skill intensive industries such as machinery, electrical, optical and transport equipment.
...former EU15 member states and the remaining OECD countries). The labour demand model is estimated b...
...rte die Schweiz 1999 zur Spitzengruppe jener OECD-Länder mit dem höchsten Verhältnis zwischen dir... 2 Quelle: Revenue Statistics of OECD member countries 1965-2000, OECD Paris 2001. 3 Quelle: ...
The global financial crisis is not like a tsunami, giant wave sweeping everything in its path, but rather like a series of smaller waves with their impact accumulating over longer periods. Some developing countries will be impacted much more severely than others, but nobody will remain unaffected. The trade and investment impact will accumulate, with reduced remittances and fewer workers migrating. According to the IIF, the level of private capital likely to be invested in developing countries in 2009 will be down by 82%, relative to 2007. Two key variables in the official assistance scenario for developing countries are the flow of overseas development assistance and the availability of International Monetary Fund credits. Despite G-20 measures and fiscal stimulus across a number of ma...
... for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, with the mirror effect of declining ex... up to May-June 2009, including all the member states of the European Union, other OECD countries...
... 2 Fonte: Revenues statistics of OECD member countries 1965-2000, OECD Parigi 2001. 3 ...
Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France, managed to erase "free and undistorted competition" from the proposed new EU Treaty as a main aim of the European Union. Afterwards, he asked rhetorically what competition has done for Europe. This article is an attempt to reply to that very important question. The view of competition and its effects among decision-makers is likely to affect numerous policy outcomes. Throughout history, there has been a struggle between freedom and control in Europe. Competition is the result of economic freedom and the absence of interventions in the economy by the state. And it has done very much indeed for Europe. It may be the single most important reason why the average income in Western Europe is 14 times higher today than in 1820. If anything, Europe needs mo...
... problems in a number of European countries, to a large extent the consequence of current econ... on objective data from, for example, the OECD and the World Bank, and looks at ten categories - ...Trade in the ten new EU members, exports plus imports, represents 93 per cent of t...
... secrecy in order to assist other countries that are pursuing citizens believed to have hidden... three EU countries teamed up with the 30-member Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developpment (OECD) to tighten the screws. And on March 11, the OECD ...
Given the sharp rise in crude oil prices and growing awareness of climate change, the potential of biofuels, particularly of bioethanol, has become an ubiquitous topic of public debate and has induced ambitious policy initiatives. The latter are mostly paired with protectionist measures as the examples of the European Union and the United States show, where domestic producers of energy crops are put at an advantage thanks to subsidisation, direct payments and/or favourable tax schemes. Moreover, the EU is working out a mandatory certification scheme for ethanol imports, imposing social and environmental standards which constitute another hurdle for more efficiently produced ethanol originating in the Southern hemisphere. A similar path is taken by Switzerland's revised mineral oil tax l...
...Demand will be strongest in the developed OECD countries, whereas comparative advantage is in the...Member countries of the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) ...
Real exchange rates are a major short-run determinant of any country's capacity to compete. In this paper, we compute a unit-labour-costs-based real exchange rate for Switzerland for the period 1980-2006. This study uses manufacturing sector data on wages and labour productivity in Switzerland and twelve of its major trade partners and present detailed findings on relative labour costs and relative productivity trends. Our main findings are that, measured in these terms, the Swiss real exchange rate depreciated by some 9% in the period under analysis and that this improvement in competitiveness is essentially due to Swiss wage moderation. At a bilateral level, results highlight diverging trends: a significant gain of competitiveness is observed vis-à-vis Germany, Italy, the UK, Spain, A...
... reference country and in its competitor countries. A common way to circumvent these shortcomings is ...Indeed, the OECD (2007) publishes monthly updates of CPI-based reall effective exchange rates for its member countries. The SNB (2007) computes such an exchang...
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