Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France, managed to erase "free and undistorted competition" from the proposed new EU Treaty as a main aim of the European Union. Afterwards, he asked rhetorically what competition has done for Europe. This article is an attempt to reply to that very important question. The view of competition and its effects among decision-makers is likely to affect numerous policy outcomes. Throughout history, there has been a struggle between freedom and control in Europe. Competition is the result of economic freedom and the absence of interventions in the economy by the state. And it has done very much indeed for Europe. It may be the single most important reason why the average income in Western Europe is 14 times higher today than in 1820. If anything, Europe needs mo...
... problems in a number of European countries, to a large extent the consequence of current econ... on objective data from, for example, the OECD and the World Bank, and looks at ten categories - ...
Given the sharp rise in crude oil prices and growing awareness of climate change, the potential of biofuels, particularly of bioethanol, has become an ubiquitous topic of public debate and has induced ambitious policy initiatives. The latter are mostly paired with protectionist measures as the examples of the European Union and the United States show, where domestic producers of energy crops are put at an advantage thanks to subsidisation, direct payments and/or favourable tax schemes. Moreover, the EU is working out a mandatory certification scheme for ethanol imports, imposing social and environmental standards which constitute another hurdle for more efficiently produced ethanol originating in the Southern hemisphere. A similar path is taken by Switzerland's revised mineral oil tax l...
...Demand will be strongest in the developed OECD countries, whereas comparative advantage is in the...
...with OECD standards. Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Be...authorities of the treaty countries shall exchange such information. as is 'foreseeabl...
This article describes general budget support as an instrument of development cooperation. Based on poverty reduction strategies, poorer developing countries are increasingly receiving general budget support which enables their governments to carry out their core responsibilities more effectively. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks are discussed in a holistic approach. In view of aid effectiveness and efficiency, the author draws on an evaluation which was carried out in the context of the DAC/OECD in 2006, as well as on experience made in Switzerland's budget support engagement. He argues that the budget support methodology could also inspire the cooperation with non-governmental organisations.
Targeting aid at trade capacities in developing countries is a sensible way of boosting export potential. For beneficiary countries to fully gain from Aid for Trade, it must target their ability to produce goods not just for export but also for domestic consumption. This is a point consistently emphasized by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). By developing their productive capacities, countries can more effectively take advantage of the other elements of the Aid for Trade initiative, which may help them facilitate inputs to domestic industry and diversify their export markets. UNCTAD has also constantly highlighted the role of regional cooperation to develop markets and as a building block to international competitiveness.
... for Economic Go-operation for Development (OECD). Targeting aid at trade capacities in developing ...
The global financial crisis is not like a tsunami, giant wave sweeping everything in its path, but rather like a series of smaller waves with their impact accumulating over longer periods. Some developing countries will be impacted much more severely than others, but nobody will remain unaffected. The trade and investment impact will accumulate, with reduced remittances and fewer workers migrating. According to the IIF, the level of private capital likely to be invested in developing countries in 2009 will be down by 82%, relative to 2007. Two key variables in the official assistance scenario for developing countries are the flow of overseas development assistance and the availability of International Monetary Fund credits. Despite G-20 measures and fiscal stimulus across a number of ma...
... for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, with the mirror effect of declining ex...
... ranked 6th in mathematics, out of 57 countries participating in the study. It ranked 4th, topped ... Netherlands, Korea and Finland, among the 30 OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Develop...
... from some of the most polluting countries, i.e. China and India. A carbon tax could only con... to Copenhagen, this issue has pitted the NON-OECD world against the OECD world. The policy implicati...
This paper investigates the impact of international outsourcing on total employment using two-digit manufacturing data for seven EU countries for the period of 1995-2000. Estimates using OLS first differences show that imported materials from the same industry originating from low-wage countries have a significant and negative impact on total employment. The estimates suggest that rising intermediate imports from low-wage countries may account for an approximate reduction of 0.25 percentage points in employment per year. Sample split regressions show that the impact of imported materials from low-wage countries is statistically significant in industries with low skill intensity but not in skill intensive industries such as machinery, electrical, optical and transport equipment.
...former EU15 member states and the remaining OECD countries). The labour demand model is estimated b...
Switzerland has had a long standing surplus on its current account. But over the past 15 years that surplus has surged to levels unmatched by nearly any other OECD country at any point. This paper looks at the surplus from a balance of payments vantage point as well as from the optic of the excess of national saving over domestic investment. It then seeks possible explanations for the uptrend and assesses whether it results to any extent from market, institutional or policy failures that could call for reforms. A number of important measurement issues are raised. But the key recommendation is that the authorities should prepare for a possible sharp increase in the value of the Swiss franc if and when investors engaged in the "carry trade" unwind their positions. To that end they should...
... is unsurpassed in the history of OECD countries with the exception of Norway, though only in 2006 ...
ver las páginas en versión mobile | web
ver las páginas en versión mobile | web
© Copyright 2012, vLex. Tous Droits Réservés.
Contenus dans vLex Suisse
Explorez vLex
Pour professionnels
Pour associés
Autres recherches intéressantes:
recensement 16 ans | Versteigerung | Estuaire | lagerfeld | amerique du sud wikipedia | bol | commissaires priseurs rennes | pendentif | citry sur marne | Ascensore
