management by objectives disadvantages

• Biofuels and Wto Disciplines

Given the sharp rise in crude oil prices and growing awareness of climate change, the potential of biofuels, particularly of bioethanol, has become an ubiquitous topic of public debate and has induced ambitious policy initiatives. The latter are mostly paired with protectionist measures as the examples of the European Union and the United States show, where domestic producers of energy crops are put at an advantage thanks to subsidisation, direct payments and/or favourable tax schemes. Moreover, the EU is working out a mandatory certification scheme for ethanol imports, imposing social and environmental standards which constitute another hurdle for more efficiently produced ethanol originating in the Southern hemisphere. A similar path is taken by Switzerland's revised mineral oil tax l...

...In the European Union, objectives and the general framework for biofuel policies are... or production compensates for cost disadvantages, but leads directly to an increased willingness to... life-cycle approaches to environmental management, both HOWSE et al. (2006) and SWITZER (2007) come ...

• Aussenwirtschaft; Zeitschrift für internationale Wirtshaftsbeziehungen
• Vol. 63 Num. 1, Mars 2008

• Free Trade Between Switzerland and the United States

Between July 2005 and January 2006. Swiss and US trade officials conducted exploratory talks to determine whether a free trade agreement (FTA) would be economically desirable and politically feasible. In January 2006, the talks were recessed when the Swiss Federal Council decided that - while an FTA would be economically desirable, free trade in agriculture was not politically feasible. The FTA talks may be resumed after the conclusion of the WTO Doha Development Round. Switzerland and the United States have launched a Trade and Investment Forum with a view to reaching agreements on discrete topics.

... sharp comparative advantages and disadvantages, and hence big static gains from free trade. In a ... can be reconciled with societal objectives enshrined in the Swiss Constitution or US farm pol... of advanced technology and management skills. Moreover, US firms could take better advan...

• Aussenwirtschaft; Zeitschrift für internationale Wirtshaftsbeziehungen
• Vol. 61 Num. 2, Mars 2006