There is nearly unanimous consent among WTO practitioners and scholars that the remedy of tariff compensation is legally superior, economically more efficient and socially more beneficial than retaliatory suspension of tariff concessions (tariff retaliation). This article argues in favour of a revitalization of tariff compensation. However, under the current regime compensation is a thoroughly unattractive policy instrument for decision makers having to temporarily opt out of a WTO Agreement in reaction to domestic shocks. Hence, tariff compensation is vastly underused. We examine reasons for the relative unattractiveness of this policy instrument and propose a substantial reform agenda of the WTO agreements and the dispute settlement system, so as to make compensation a policy tool of ...
... maximum harm on the violating Member, for example by means of "carousel retaliation" (cf. HUDEC 2002... extremely strong deferential standard of review mandated by Art. 17.6 of the AD Agreement (ADA), n... best of our knowledge there exists no literature that has engaged in the political and economic MFN...
As countries turn more to regionalism as a means of forwarding co-operation on trade rules and other areas of policymaking, governments are increasingly incorporating rules on investment into regional trade agreements (RTAs). The Asia-Pacific region is no exception, with many innovative agreements that include disciplines on investment protection and non-discrimination. We analyse the economic consequences of including investment provisions in trade agreements by creating an index of the extensiveness of investment provisions in RTAs and then using that index in a gravity model framework of trade and investment. The results indicate that investment provisions are positively associated with trade and, to an even greater extent, investment flows. Further, we observe an insignificant effec...
... This paper contributes to the existing literature by exploring the drivers of trade and investment f...For example, to assess limitations on establishment, one begin... in services and provides for a review of the commitments at least every two years. The A...
...After that a short review on the economics of discrimination in procurement ... funds between levels of governments (for example between the Federal and Provincial governments in ...There is a small literature on the impact of discrimination against foreign su...
This paper analyses a partial equilibrium outsourcing model with Cournot competition in intermediate good production. Final production is located in Western Europe, whereas the intermediate good can be manufactured by a Western (outsourcing) or Eastern European supplier (offshore outsourcing). The paper asks the question how changes in production costs, in particular wages, affect labor input in the two regions in the presence of Cournot competition. The main results are: higher production costs in one region reduce intermediate good production in both regions leading to a substitution effect between high- and low-skilled labor intensive inputs rather than between Eastern and Western low-skilled labor intensive inputs. The sensitivity of outsourcing activities to production cost changes...
...For example, the German Porsche Cayenne is actually to a large... the related theoretical and empirical literature on international outsourcing. Section 3 describes ...2 A Brief Review of the Outsourcing Literature. Offshore Outsourcin...
...To better review the new pattern of defence equipment being used to.... Quad-Props . Some 2260 examples of the Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules have been de... Actros (referred to in the company's literature as the "bonnet version", but this might again chan...
, by Christoph Beat Graber, Michael Girsberger, and Mira Nenova, is reviewed.
...At the example of India, GRABER examines commitments and limitati... of a concept centred on art an literature etc. and a concept referring to a more sociologica...
.... Midlife Review . But the Meinens were approaching 40 (both were b... home and store, even her promotional literature and product presentation, are all to a very high s... people to Geneva winegrowing country, for example from the Swiss-German part of the country, by orga...
The study tries to answer the following questions: Will exposure to world agricultural prices generate more poverty or less? To what extent will households be affected by changes in agricultural trade polices? Do multilateral agricultural liberalization matter more than bilateral changes? Results of simulations using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model linked to household survey data suggest that trade liberalization has only modest effects on the level of GDP, but it has a substantial effect in reducing poverty. Moreover, the combined effects of global and domestic liberalization are more pro-poor than the effect of domestic liberalization alone. [PUB ABSTRACT]
...For Tunisia, a literature review reveals the existence of only one study tha...If, for example, the production price of cereal products rises, in...
...For example, until recently some secretarial colleges were sti... and even from community to community, a review of elementary, secondary, and tertiary education a..., working toward degree in English literature. I don't try to imagine how I'll use it profession...
... by a careful process of adaptation, review and revision as well as mere word-for-word transla... apparently some copywriters." One recent example of what Bornstein is referring to: Familia, the gr... he did his BA in modern languages and literature and an MA in German. He also studied in England an...
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