Real exchange rates are a major short-run determinant of any country's capacity to compete. In this paper, we compute a unit-labour-costs-based real exchange rate for Switzerland for the period 1980-2006. This study uses manufacturing sector data on wages and labour productivity in Switzerland and twelve of its major trade partners and present detailed findings on relative labour costs and relative productivity trends. Our main findings are that, measured in these terms, the Swiss real exchange rate depreciated by some 9% in the period under analysis and that this improvement in competitiveness is essentially due to Swiss wage moderation. At a bilateral level, results highlight diverging trends: a significant gain of competitiveness is observed vis-à-vis Germany, Italy, the UK, Spain, A...
... often eroded by an increase in domestic inflation. Hence, focusing on nominal exchange rates disrega...
... country's gross domestic product (GDP); in Italy, that sum lies just shy of five per cent. And any ... higher taxes and levies or soaring inflation. . The by-product of this? Higher risk premiums. C...
... a major role in the weight and volume inflation. Electronics--or vetronics to use the fashionable ... 2009 when some vehicles were deployed to Italy during an exercise of the Multinational Land Force...
..., such as Switzerland, Austria and Italy. Many drills come from Germany; while French compa... today (excluding VAT, interest and inflation adjustments). . Adding to the original SFr 12.2 bi...
.... Italy . Italian Special Forces operating in Afghanistan ... tyres, a semiautomatic central tyre inflation system and an additional fuel tank (+54 litres) to...
...The first JCA had its maiden flight in Italy on 16 June 2008. It will later be transferred to L...(adding a central set of bogies), a tyre inflation/deflation system (that would operate in conjunctio...
..., transmission, brakes, central tire inflation and other electrical components. A single lubrican.... [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] . Italy . Iveco Defence Vehicles Division has increased th...
... to keep the budget in step with inflation. The budget is scheduled to rise to Rand 32 billio... Seatta Mk IV offshore patrol boats from Italy along with 15 37-metre patrol boats from Malaysia....
This article describes general budget support as an instrument of development cooperation. Based on poverty reduction strategies, poorer developing countries are increasingly receiving general budget support which enables their governments to carry out their core responsibilities more effectively. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks are discussed in a holistic approach. In view of aid effectiveness and efficiency, the author draws on an evaluation which was carried out in the context of the DAC/OECD in 2006, as well as on experience made in Switzerland's budget support engagement. He argues that the budget support methodology could also inspire the cooperation with non-governmental organisations.
...), Finland, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,... management, key indicators such as inflation and interest have developed positively. This macro...
.... I am an Indian and have been living in Italy for the past ten years. I have a permanent permit ... for increasing the rent would be inflation and value-enhancing investments to the property. ....
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