Several competition authorities have accused petrol retailers of engaging in collusive conduct, which results in alleged "excessive" prices as well as simultaneous price setting across filling stations. However, petrol retailers must exert a substantial amount of market power if they are to dampen competition. Therefore, we propose a method within the spirit of the New-Empirical-Industrial-Organisation, which allows estimating market power held by petrol retailers in terms of a conduct parameter. Based on data for Switzerland, our empirical results suggest a low level of market power held by Swiss petrol retailers.
... a dominant position, collusion, or merger control. In general, firms must have both the willingness ... behaviour would otherwise be subject to erosion of business towards incumbent firms or even prompt...Oil and oil products are typically imported via the ports of Genoa, Mar...
...Only when waste products and water are taken care of safely, with a good sa... Hills stripped bare of trees lead to soil erosion, flooding and destruction in the lowlands; while w..."--where wells and reserves are controlled by a handful of companies. . [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED...
... Kriterien zeigt eine klare Tendenz zur Erosion des Handlungsspielraums der Schweiz im bilateralen...Control Agency. CIP Rahmenprogramm für Wettbewerbsfähig...)/Rapid Alert System for Non-Food Products. RASFF Schnellwarnsystem der EU für Lebens- und ...
... as trade in services and agricultural products. Some observers argue, however, that agriculture s..., over whose conditions Europeans have no control"24 (2007). On a similar note, countries such as Ja... publications that acknowledge "the erosion of preferences to be a serious concern for poor co...
... sonar-emission, vibration and blade erosion. Western hydrodynamic research then concentrated o... big game hunting, as illustrated by the products of Michael Reichenberg Spezialgeschosse in Germany...It was to have an autonomous control system; receiving mid-course target updates via so...
Many observers are now pessimistic about the prospect of completing the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, at least in the short run. The realisation that so much remains to be negotiated before the forthcoming US presidential primaries and elections has raised the prospect of the Doha Round unravelling or drifting from later this year until the second half of 2009, at the earliest. Having described the developments in the Doha Round up to the issuance of the Chairman's texts in July 2007 this paper examines why reciprocal trade negotiations, whose success has been trumpeted in prior rounds, have run into so much trouble this time around. Four factors are identified in this regard and their implications for the near term prospects of completing the Doha Round discussed. Long...
... modalities on agriculture and industrial products issued by the Chairman of the respective WTO commi... from Republican Party to Democratic Party control in January 2007, among other decisions did not ren... would necessarily result in preference erosion. In principle this consideration could influence h...
Tourism, one of the rarest and most influential industries in the world, is already set up to lead the way in promoting triple bottom line business principles that have immeasurable positive benefits for the environment, societies and cultures. More than ever before, travelers are demanding lower environmental and cultural impacts, and more meaningful interaction with local people in their travel experiences. A company built on the principles of responsible tourism is not only setting itself up for long-term success, but also responding directly to current consumer demand, which has never before been so focused on sustainability. The unique partnership between local communities and tourism companies can help to solve one of the most prevalent problems in international community developm...
... risk from destination degradation: beach erosion, deforestation and population displacement. There ... mutually beneficial sustainable tourism products, and to take advantage of emerging market opportun... follow-up business consulting and quality control maintenance. Obviously, tour operators have profit...
... the Dragon Eye with the Raven's ground control station (GCS). Pentagon plans call for 194 Dragon ...Products of interest for the resupply role include the Emit... in attitude control, noise and ground erosion. . In June 2008 the Colorado-based Frontline Aeros...
... fait apparaître une tendance nette à l'érosion de la marge de manoeuvre de la Suisse dans ses rel... Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [ECDC]) CEPOL Collège européen de police. CER A... (Rapid Alert System for Non-Food Products [RAPEX]). RASFF Système d'alerte rapide pour les ...
... Contraves markets some truly unique products. Currently, the company's activities essentially f...All external control and monitoring systems are plug-in devices and cre... the band but inside the groove due to gas erosion) and range is stretched to 36 kilometres while fir...
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