Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France, managed to erase "free and undistorted competition" from the proposed new EU Treaty as a main aim of the European Union. Afterwards, he asked rhetorically what competition has done for Europe. This article is an attempt to reply to that very important question. The view of competition and its effects among decision-makers is likely to affect numerous policy outcomes. Throughout history, there has been a struggle between freedom and control in Europe. Competition is the result of economic freedom and the absence of interventions in the economy by the state. And it has done very much indeed for Europe. It may be the single most important reason why the average income in Western Europe is 14 times higher today than in 1820. If anything, Europe needs mo...
...The ten categories are: Business, trade, fiscal, government size, monetary, investment, financial,... motivated by attempts to prevent "social dumping", that is, people competing with lower wages. But ...
..., le secret bancaire et la politique fiscale; et enfin les réactions suscitées à l'étranger...Un dumping social ou salarial serait particulièrement inacce...
...Art. 7 Droits de douane à caractère fiscal. Les dispositions de l'art. 5 sont également appl...Art. 20 Dumping. Si un Etat de l'AELE constate des pratiques de du...
This article describes general budget support as an instrument of development cooperation. Based on poverty reduction strategies, poorer developing countries are increasingly receiving general budget support which enables their governments to carry out their core responsibilities more effectively. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks are discussed in a holistic approach. In view of aid effectiveness and efficiency, the author draws on an evaluation which was carried out in the context of the DAC/OECD in 2006, as well as on experience made in Switzerland's budget support engagement. He argues that the budget support methodology could also inspire the cooperation with non-governmental organisations.
... It fluctuates six to forty times more than fiscal revenue (Bulir and Hamann 2005). Short-term predic..., lack of access to credit or dumping competition through foreign agricultural products....
... sont soupçonnées faire l'objet de dumping, tout en ménageant une période de 20 jours de co... par une Partie en vertu de son régime fiscal, qui: (i) s'appliquent aux fournisseurs de servic...
...), 6 (Droits de douane à caractère fiscal), 7 (Droits de douane à l'exportation et taxes d'...Art. 19 Dumping. Si un Etat de l'AELE constate des pratiques de du...
...Art. 7 Droits de douane à caractère fiscal. Les dispositions de l'art. 5 sont également appl...Art. 20 Dumping. Si un Etat de l'AELE constate des pratiques de du...
... de renforcer les sanctions dans le domaine fiscal: la marge offerte par le cadre légal en la matiè... des travailleurs (conditions de travail, dumping salarial). Il constitue un impôt sur l'honnêtet...
.... Art. 8 Droits de douane à caractère fiscal . L'art. 6 est également applicable aux droits de.... Art. 17 Anti-dumping . 1. Les droits et les obligations des Parties re...
...conomique additionnelles et les recettes fiscales supplémentaires qui en découleront vont annuler ... et les mesures visant à empêcher le dumping salarial dans le cadre des contrats-types de trava...
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