Given the sharp rise in crude oil prices and growing awareness of climate change, the potential of biofuels, particularly of bioethanol, has become an ubiquitous topic of public debate and has induced ambitious policy initiatives. The latter are mostly paired with protectionist measures as the examples of the European Union and the United States show, where domestic producers of energy crops are put at an advantage thanks to subsidisation, direct payments and/or favourable tax schemes. Moreover, the EU is working out a mandatory certification scheme for ethanol imports, imposing social and environmental standards which constitute another hurdle for more efficiently produced ethanol originating in the Southern hemisphere. A similar path is taken by Switzerland's revised mineral oil tax l...
... years, having started with 54 bioethanol plants in 2000 and now disposing of 100 plants which are ... as follows: we will first analyse classification and tariff issues. The second paragraph will look ...
The Panel report in EC-Biotech, for the time being, puts an end to one of the most complex cases in the history of WTO dispute settlement. The analysis at hand covers the issues relevant beyond the realms of biotechnology, namely the impact of non-WTO rules of public international law on the interpretation of WTO law. the scope of the SPS Agreement, the categories "undue delay" and "insufficient scientific evidence" in connection with precautionary measures, and product-origin as a criterion for the national-treatment obligation. On the one hand, some of the criticism raised against the Panel report turns out to be unjustified. It is, on the other hand, a deficiency of the Panel report that some parts of it do not foster legal clarity.
... on Article 31(3)(b) in EC-Customs Classification of Frozen Boneless Chicken Cuts. The fact that Art... the conclusion that genetically modified plants might in certain conditions be regarded as pests t...
...Annual quantity (tonnes net weight) . Plants in the form of pomaceous fruit . rootstock (of se... Joint Declaration on the tariff classification of powdered vegetables and powdered fruit . ...
This paper analyses the potential for productivity spillovers from inward foreign direct investment using administrative panel data on firms for Hungary. We hypothesise that the potential for spillovers is related to observable characteristics of the production process of foreign affiliates, and evaluate this empirically. We further explore the role of competition in explaining productivity spillovers within industries. Our empirical analysis yields a number of important findings. First, we show that the potential for spillovers is importantly related to the production technology of the sectors and foreign affiliates. Firms that relocate labor-intensive activities to Hungary to exploit differences in labor costs are unlikely to generate productivity spillovers, while spillovers increase...
... by looking at the role of FSA in foreign plants. In this paper the proxy for PSP is the technology..., which is based on the industry classification of the activity of the affiliates' employees, rath...
...) concernant le recensement et la classification systématiques des barrières commerciales non tar... et amélioration de la production de plants de. pommes de terre, FORTIPAPA», conclu le 1er j...
...Annual quantity (tonnes net weight) . Plants in the form of pomaceous fruit . rootstock (of se... Joint Declaration on the tariff classification of powdered vegetables and powdered fruit. . ...
... but still in production at the Motovilikha Plants Corporation at Perm. The 2A36 is a bulky brute wit...Type classification (change of designation to M777) is currently sched...
...Annual quantity (tonnes net weight) . Plants in the form of pomaceous fruit . rootstock (of se... Joint Declaration on the tariff classification of powdered vegetables and powdered fruit . ...
...c. les semences, les plants et les autres matériaux de multiplication de vég... relatives à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances dan...
...Plants sous forme de porte-greffe de fruit à noyaux (iss... d'examiner la mise à jour de la classification tarifaire des poudres de légumes et poudres de fr...
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